I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
Citations that support your claim that "Trump candidates mostly lost"
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
Citations that support your claim that "Trump candidates mostly lost"
Right, on this fucked up site where the arguments mainly consist of "fuck off" and "you are an idiot."
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
Citations that support your claim that "Trump candidates mostly lost"
Right, on this fucked up site where the arguments mainly consist of "fuck off" and "you are an idiot."
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
Citations that support your claim that "Trump candidates mostly lost"
Right, on this fucked up site where the arguments mainly consist of "fuck off" and "you are an idiot."
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
I would like to see some citations with numbers and circles and arrows.
TURABIAN A Manual for Writers CHICAGO STYLE FOR STUDENTS AND RESEARCHERS CONTENTS CITATION QUICK GUIDE HELP & TOOLS BOOKSTORE ABOUT TIP SHEETS CITATION QUICK GUIDE Author-Date: Sample Citations
The following examples illustrate the author-date style. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 18 and 19 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations.)
BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. 2017. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Kitamura 2017, 25)
(Sassler and Miller 2017, 114)
CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. 2016. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Rowlandson 2016, 19–20)
To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.
IN-TEXT CITATION (D’Agata 2016, 19–20)
TRANSLATED BOOK REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Lahiri 2016, 146)
E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.
Schlosser, Eric. 2001. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ProQuest Ebrary.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Austen 2007, chap. 3)
(Dostoevsky 1917, 444)
(Schlosser 2001, 88)
THESIS OR DISSERTATION REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. 2016. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Navarro-Garcia 2016, 44)
JOURNAL ARTICLE In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. 2017. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)
(LaSalle 2017, 95)
(Pérez 2017, 874)
Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.
REFERENCE LIST ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. 2017. “Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
IN-TEXT CITATION (Weber et al. 2017, 45)
NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.
WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.
AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Beyoncé. 2016. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed or to include a link, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.
TEXT Sloane Crosley offers the following advice: “How to edit: Attack a sentence. Write in the margins. Toss in some arrows. Cross out words. Rewrite them. Circle the whole mess and STET” (@askanyone, Twitter, May 8, 2017).
Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
(Souza 2016)
(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)
PERSONAL COMMUNICATION Personal interviews, correspondence, and other types of personal communications—including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media—are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS (Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)
(Interview with home health aide, July 31, 2017)
The University of Chicago Press | The Chicago Manual of Style | Bookstore
Trump did OK with his endorsements of safe gop seats but it was widely reported in contested seats he was usually a liability. You can look it up now that you say you have a search engine or ask Bing chat.
Trump did OK with his endorsements of safe gop seats but it was widely reported in contested seats he was usually a liability. You can look it up now that you say you have a search engine or ask Bing chat.
One thing is for sure, the State Media narrative worked on the pea brains.
Comments
What?
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/aoc-desantis-weaker-2024-gop-nominee-base-belongs-donald-trump
We've had quite a discussion going today
Fuck off you're an idiot
Dabba
Doo
I knew it.
How do you expect to be taken seriously when you make a claim like that and then wont produce the source you are referencing when challenged ?
I would like to know what you are basing your claim on.
Why? Here? These are the worst web pages on the internet.
Look... your evasiveness to simply cite source information is suspicious.
I had not heard that statistic.
Im not going to play this game with you
https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/numbers-trump-backed-candidates-fared-midterms-rcna61524
Otherwise you’re only losing another argument on the “worst site on the internet”, and that’s….not great.
Kristi is bouncing back. Looking pretty saucy lately.
She hit a rough patch there for a bit.