Surprising. Several NFL GMs have personally called me asking if there was anyway Psalms would change his mind about thr NFL. I guess he really was serious.
Twickenham From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Twickenham (disambiguation). London borough Richmond Ceremonial county Greater London Region London Country England Sovereign state United Kingdom Post town TWICKENHAM Postcode district TW1, TW2 Dialling code 020 Police Metropolitan Fire London Ambulance London EU Parliament London UK Parliament Twickenham London Assembly South West List of places UK England London 51.449°N 0.337°WCoordinates: 51.449°N 0.337°W Twickenham is a leafy suburban area of south west London, on the River Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 10 miles (16 km) southwest of the centre of London. It has a large town centre and is famous as being the home of rugby union, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting Twickenham Stadium, the world's largest rugby stadium, each year. The historic riverside area is famous for its network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which survive intact.[3] This area has three grand period mansions with public access: York House, Marble Hill and Strawberry Hill House. Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-century aphoristic poet Alexander Pope. Among these is the Neo-Gothic prototype home of Horace Walpole which has given its name to a whole district, Strawberry Hill, and is linked with the oldest Roman Catholic university in the country, St Mary's University, Twickenham.
Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Pre-Norman 1.2 Norman 1.3 17th century 1.4 18th century 1.5 Later 2 Governance 3 Economy 4 Population and housing 5 Geography 5.1 Nearest places 6 Education 7 Transport 7.1 Nearest railway stations 7.2 Buses 8 Sport 9 Arts and culture 10 Places of worship 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External links History[edit] Pre-Norman[edit] Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early Neolithic, possibly Mesolithic periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. The area was first mentioned (as "Tuican hom" and "Tuiccanham") in an 8th-century charter to cede the area to Waldhere, Bishop of London, "for the salvation of our souls".[4] The charter, dated 13 June 704, is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included Swaefred of Essex, Cenred of Mercia and Earl Paeogthath.
Norman[edit] In Norman times Twickenham was part of the Manor of Isleworth – itself part of the Hundred of Hounslow, Middlesex (mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086).[5] The manor had belonged to Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia in the time of Edward the Confessor, but was granted to Walter de Saint-Valery (Waleric) by William I of England after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. The area was then farmed for several hundred years, while the river provided opportunities for fishing, boatbuilding and trade.
17th century[edit]
The Thames at Twickenham c.1700, depicted by Peter Tillemans
St Mary's Church today
The Shot Tower by the River Crane
Alexander Pope's villa
All Hallows Twickenham, as seen from the A316 Bubonic plague spread to the town in 1665 and 67 deaths were recorded. It appears that Twickenham had a pest house in the 17th century, although the location is not known.
There was also a watch house in the middle of the town, with stocks, a pillory and a whipping post whose owner was charged to "ward within and about this Parish and to keep all Beggars and Vagabonds that shall lye abide or lurk about the Towne and to give correction to such...".
In 1633 construction began on York House. It was occupied by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester in 1656 and later by Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon.
1659 saw the first mention of the Twickenham Ferry, although ferrymen had already been operating in the area for many generations. Sometime before 1743 a "pirate" ferry appears to have been started by Twickenham inhabitants. There is speculation that it operated to serve "The Folly", a floating hostelry of some kind. Several residents wrote to the Lord Mayor of the City of London:
...Complaining that there is lately fixed near the Shore of Twickenham on the River Thames a Vessell made like a Barge and called the Folly wherein divers[e] loose and disorderly persons are frequently entertained who have behaved in a very indecent Manner and do frequently afront divers[e] persons of Fashion and Distinction who often in an Evening Walk near that place, and desired so great a Nuisance might be removed,....
18th century[edit] In 1713 the nave of the ancient St Mary's Church collapsed, and the church was rebuilt in the Neo-classical style to designs by a local architect, John James.[6]
In 1736, the noted pharmacist and quack doctor Joshua Ward set up the Great Vitriol Works to produce sulphuric acid, using a process discovered in the seventeenth century by Johann Glauber in which sulphur is burned together with saltpetre (potassium nitrate), in the presence of steam. The process generates an extremely unpleasant smell, which caused objections from local residents. The area was also soon home to the world's first industrial production facility for gunpowder, on a site between Twickenham and Whitton on the banks of the River Crane. There were frequent explosions and loss of life. On 11 March 1758, one of two explosions was felt in Reading, Berkshire, and in April 1774 another explosion terrified people at church in Isleworth.[7]
In 1772 three mills blew up, shattering glass and buildings in the neighbourhood. Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, wrote complaining to his friend and relative Henry Seymour Conway, then Lieutenant General of the Ordnance, that all the decorative painted glass had been blown out of his windows at Strawberry Hill.
The powder mills remained in operation until 1927 when they were closed. Much of the site is now occupied by Crane Park, in which the old Shot Tower, mill sluices and blast embankments can still be seen. Much of the area along the river next to the Shot Tower is now a nature reserve.
Later[edit] The 1818 Enclosure Award led to the development of 182 acres (0.74 km2) of land to the west of the town centre largely between the present day Staines and Hampton Roads, new roads – Workhouse Road, Middle Road, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Common Roads (now First to Fifth Cross Roads respectively) – being laid out.[8] During the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of fine houses were built and Twickenham became a popular place of residence for people of "fashion and distinction". Further development was stimulated by the opening of Twickenham station in 1848.
Electricity was introduced to Twickenham in 1902[9] and the first trams arrived the following year.
In 1939, when All Hallows Lombard Street was demolished in the City of London, its distinctive stone tower designed by Christopher Wren, with its peal of ten bells and connecting stone cloister, and the interior furnishings, including a Renatus Harris organ and a pulpit used by John Wesley, were brought to Twickenham to be incorporated in the new All Hallows Church on Chertsey Road (A316) near Twickenham Stadium.
The Twickenham Green area witnessed a high-profile murder on 19 August 2004, when French woman Amelie Delagrange (aged 22) died in hospital after being found with a serious head injury (caused by battery) in the area. Within 24 hours, police had established a link with the murder of Marsha McDonnell, who was killed in similar circumstances in nearby Hampton 18 months earlier.[10] Levi Bellfield was found guilty of both murders on 25 February 2008 (as well as a further charge of attempted murder against 18-year-old Kate Sheedy) and sentenced to life imprisonment. He is also suspected of a series of other unsolved murders and attacks on women since 1990, most notably the murder of Amanda Dowler, a teenage girl who vanished from Walton-on-Thames in March 2002 and whose body was later found in Hampshire woodland.[11]
Governance[edit] From 1868 the area was administered jointly between the newly formed Middlesex County Council and the Twickenham Local Government District board, with the passing of the Local Government Act 1858. Then in 1894 The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as Twickenham Urban District. In 1926 Twickenham was granted a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough. Eleven years later the urban district councils of Teddington, Hampton & Hampton Wick merged with Twickenham.
In 1965 Middlesex County Council was abolished and replaced with the Greater London Council and the boroughs of Twickenham, Richmond and Barnes were combined to form the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 1986 the Greater London Council was abolished and most powers devolved to local boroughs and others to the Government and joint boards. In 2000 the Greater London Authority was set up and two-tier administration returned, but with the top tier having a much more limited strategic role.
York House (rear view from sunken lawn) The borough council offices and chamber are located at York House, Twickenham and in the adjacent civic centre.
The Twickenham constituency in the UK Parliament includes the towns of Twickenham, St Margarets, Whitton, Teddington, Hampton, Fulwell, Hampton Hill and Hampton Wick. Since the 2015 UK General Election, the Member of Parliament has been a Conservative, Dr Tania Mathias.
لاستخدامات أخرى، انظر تويكنهام (توضيح). تعد تويكنهام منطقة ضواحي مورقة في جنوب غرب لندن، على نهر التايمز في منطقة لندن في ريتشموند على نهر التايمز على بعد 10 أميال (16 كم) جنوب غرب وسط لندن. ولها مركز مدينة كبير وتشتهر بأنها موطن اتحاد الرجبي، مع مئات الآلاف من المتفرجين يزورون ملعب تويكنهام، أكبر ملعب للرجبي في العالم، كل عام. وتشتهر منطقة النهر التاريخية بشبكتها من المباني والأرضيات التي يعود تاريخها إلى القرن الثامن عشر، والتي تبقى العديد منها على قيد الحياة سليمة. [3] هذه المنطقة لديها ثلاثة قصور القصور الكبرى مع وصول الجمهور: يورك البيت، ماربل هيل و ستراوبيري هيل البيت. وقد فقدت أخرى، التي تنتمي إلى الشاعر الأمثال ألكسندر الباب الثامن عشر. من بين هذه هي النموذج الجديد القوطية المنزل هوراس والبول التي أعطت اسمها إلى منطقة كاملة، ستراوبيري هيل، ويرتبط مع أقدم جامعة الروم الكاثوليك في البلاد، جامعة سانت ماري، تويكنهام.
التاريخ
قبل نورمان
كشفت الحفريات المستوطنات في المنطقة التي يرجع تاريخها إلى العصر الحجري الحديث المبكر، وربما فترات العصر الحجري القديم. ويبدو أن الاحتلال استمر خلال العصر البرونزي والعصر الحديدي والاحتلال الروماني. وقد تم ذكر المنطقة لأول مرة (باسم "منزل التوكان" و "تويكانهام") في ميثاق من القرن الثامن للتنازل عن المنطقة إلى والديري، أسقف لندن، "لخلاص أرواحنا". [4] تم التوقيع على الميثاق، بتاريخ 13 يونيو 704، مع 12 الصلبان. وشمل الموقعون سويفريد من إسكس، سينريد من مرسيا وإيرل بايوغاث.
نورمان
في أوقات نورمان كان تويكنهام جزءا من مانور ايسلورث - نفسها جزء من مائة من هنسلو، ميدلسكس (المذكورة في كتاب يوم القيامة من 1086). [5] كان مانور ينتمي إلى إلفار، إيرل ميرسيا في وقت إدوارد المعترف، ولكن منحت لوالتر دي سانت-فاليري (والريك) من قبل ويليام الأول من انكلترا بعد الفتح نورمان انكلترا في 1066. ثم تم استزراع المنطقة ل عدة مئات من السنين، في حين وفر النهر فرصا لصيد الأسماك، وبناء السفن والتجارة.
القرن ال 17
وانتشر الطاعون الدبلي إلى البلدة في 1665 و 67 حالة وفاة. ويبدو أن تويكنهام كان بيتا للآفات في القرن 17، على الرغم من أن الموقع غير معروف.
وكان هناك أيضا بيت مراقبة في وسط المدينة، مع مخزونات، وندوة وجلد آخر الذي اتهم صاحبه على "وندر داخل هذه الرعية، والحفاظ على جميع المتسولين والمشردين التي يجب أن تلتزم أو تكمن حول البلدة وإعطاء تصحيح لهذا ... ".
في 1633 بدأ البناء في بيت يورك. احتلها إدوارد مونتاجو، إيرل الثاني من مانشستر في 1656 وبعد ذلك إدوارد هايد، إيرل الأول من كلارندون.
1659 رأى أول من العبارة تويكنهام، على الرغم من أن فيريمن كانت تعمل بالفعل في المنطقة لعدة أجيال. في وقت ما قبل عام 1743 يبدو أن عبارة "القراصنة" قد بدأها سكان تويكنهام. هناك تكهنات بأنها تعمل لخدمة "الحماقة"، بيت العائمة من نوع ما. كتب العديد من السكان إلى عمدة مدينة لندن:
... شكوى أن هناك ثابتة مؤخرا بالقرب من الشاطئ من تويكنهام على نهر التايمز سفينة صنع مثل البارجة ودعا الحماقة حيث الغواصين [ه] الناس فضفاضة وغير المنضبط كثيرا ما يكون مطلقا الذين تصرفوا في فاحشة جدا مانر والقيام في كثير من الأحيان الغواصين [ه] الأشخاص من الأزياء والتميز الذين غالبا في المشي المساء بالقرب من هذا المكان، والمطلوب حتى كبيرة إزعاج يمكن إزالتها، ....
القرن ال 18
في عام 1713 انهار صحن كنيسة سانت ماري القديمة، و أعيد بناء الكنيسة على الطراز النيو الكلاسيكي لتصاميم من قبل المهندس المعماري المحلي، جون جيمس. [6]
في عام 1736، أنشأ الصيدلي والطبيب المشهور جوشوا وارد أعمال الفيتريول العظيم لإنتاج حامض الكبريتيك، وذلك باستخدام عملية اكتشفها في القرن السابع عشر جوهان غلوبر التي يحرق فيها الكبريت مع سالتبيتر (نترات البوتاسيوم)، في وجود بخار. هذه العملية تولد رائحة كريهة للغاية، مما تسبب في اعتراضات من السكان المحليين. كما كانت المنطقة في وقت قريب موطنا لأول مرفق للإنتاج الصناعي في العالم للبارود، على موقع بين تويكنهام ويتون على ضفاف نهر كرين. وكانت هناك انفجارات متكررة وخسائر في الأرواح. في 11 مارس 1758، شعر أحد التفجرتين في ريدينج وبيركشاير، وفي أبريل 1774 أثار انفجار آخر أشخاصا في الكنيسة في إيسليورث. [7]
في 1772 انفجرت ثلاث مطاحن، تحطمت الزجاج والمباني في الحي. وكتب هوراس والبول، إيرل أوف أورفورد الرابع، إلى صديقه ونسبه هنري سيمور كونواي، الذي كان آنذاك الفريق العام للذخائر، أن جميع الزجاج المزخرف المزخرف قد انفجر من نوافذه في ستراوبيري هيل.
ظلت مصانع مسحوق في العملية حتى عام 1927 عندما أغلقت. الكثير من الموقع هو الآن تحتلها كرين بارك، حيث لا يزال ينظر إلى برج شوت القديم، ومطاحن السدود وسدود الانفجار. الكثير من المنطقة على طول النهر بجوار برج النار ط
Twickenham From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Twickenham (disambiguation). London borough Richmond Ceremonial county Greater London Region London Country England Sovereign state United Kingdom Post town TWICKENHAM Postcode district TW1, TW2 Dialling code 020 Police Metropolitan Fire London Ambulance London EU Parliament London UK Parliament Twickenham London Assembly South West List of places UK England London 51.449°N 0.337°WCoordinates: 51.449°N 0.337°W Twickenham is a leafy suburban area of south west London, on the River Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 10 miles (16 km) southwest of the centre of London. It has a large town centre and is famous as being the home of rugby union, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting Twickenham Stadium, the world's largest rugby stadium, each year. The historic riverside area is famous for its network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which survive intact.[3] This area has three grand period mansions with public access: York House, Marble Hill and Strawberry Hill House. Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-century aphoristic poet Alexander Pope. Among these is the Neo-Gothic prototype home of Horace Walpole which has given its name to a whole district, Strawberry Hill, and is linked with the oldest Roman Catholic university in the country, St Mary's University, Twickenham.
Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Pre-Norman 1.2 Norman 1.3 17th century 1.4 18th century 1.5 Later 2 Governance 3 Economy 4 Population and housing 5 Geography 5.1 Nearest places 6 Education 7 Transport 7.1 Nearest railway stations 7.2 Buses 8 Sport 9 Arts and culture 10 Places of worship 11 See also 12 References 13 Further reading 14 External links History[edit] Pre-Norman[edit] Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early Neolithic, possibly Mesolithic periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. The area was first mentioned (as "Tuican hom" and "Tuiccanham") in an 8th-century charter to cede the area to Waldhere, Bishop of London, "for the salvation of our souls".[4] The charter, dated 13 June 704, is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included Swaefred of Essex, Cenred of Mercia and Earl Paeogthath.
Norman[edit] In Norman times Twickenham was part of the Manor of Isleworth – itself part of the Hundred of Hounslow, Middlesex (mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086).[5] The manor had belonged to Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia in the time of Edward the Confessor, but was granted to Walter de Saint-Valery (Waleric) by William I of England after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. The area was then farmed for several hundred years, while the river provided opportunities for fishing, boatbuilding and trade.
17th century[edit]
The Thames at Twickenham c.1700, depicted by Peter Tillemans
St Mary's Church today
The Shot Tower by the River Crane
Alexander Pope's villa
All Hallows Twickenham, as seen from the A316 Bubonic plague spread to the town in 1665 and 67 deaths were recorded. It appears that Twickenham had a pest house in the 17th century, although the location is not known.
There was also a watch house in the middle of the town, with stocks, a pillory and a whipping post whose owner was charged to "ward within and about this Parish and to keep all Beggars and Vagabonds that shall lye abide or lurk about the Towne and to give correction to such...".
In 1633 construction began on York House. It was occupied by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester in 1656 and later by Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon.
1659 saw the first mention of the Twickenham Ferry, although ferrymen had already been operating in the area for many generations. Sometime before 1743 a "pirate" ferry appears to have been started by Twickenham inhabitants. There is speculation that it operated to serve "The Folly", a floating hostelry of some kind. Several residents wrote to the Lord Mayor of the City of London:
...Complaining that there is lately fixed near the Shore of Twickenham on the River Thames a Vessell made like a Barge and called the Folly wherein divers[e] loose and disorderly persons are frequently entertained who have behaved in a very indecent Manner and do frequently afront divers[e] persons of Fashion and Distinction who often in an Evening Walk near that place, and desired so great a Nuisance might be removed,....
18th century[edit] In 1713 the nave of the ancient St Mary's Church collapsed, and the church was rebuilt in the Neo-classical style to designs by a local architect, John James.[6]
In 1736, the noted pharmacist and quack doctor Joshua Ward set up the Great Vitriol Works to produce sulphuric acid, using a process discovered in the seventeenth century by Johann Glauber in which sulphur is burned together with saltpetre (potassium nitrate), in the presence of steam. The process generates an extremely unpleasant smell, which caused objections from local residents. The area was also soon home to the world's first industrial production facility for gunpowder, on a site between Twickenham and Whitton on the banks of the River Crane. There were frequent explosions and loss of life. On 11 March 1758, one of two explosions was felt in Reading, Berkshire, and in April 1774 another explosion terrified people at church in Isleworth.[7]
In 1772 three mills blew up, shattering glass and buildings in the neighbourhood. Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, wrote complaining to his friend and relative Henry Seymour Conway, then Lieutenant General of the Ordnance, that all the decorative painted glass had been blown out of his windows at Strawberry Hill.
The powder mills remained in operation until 1927 when they were closed. Much of the site is now occupied by Crane Park, in which the old Shot Tower, mill sluices and blast embankments can still be seen. Much of the area along the river next to the Shot Tower is now a nature reserve.
Later[edit] The 1818 Enclosure Award led to the development of 182 acres (0.74 km2) of land to the west of the town centre largely between the present day Staines and Hampton Roads, new roads – Workhouse Road, Middle Road, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Common Roads (now First to Fifth Cross Roads respectively) – being laid out.[8] During the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of fine houses were built and Twickenham became a popular place of residence for people of "fashion and distinction". Further development was stimulated by the opening of Twickenham station in 1848.
Electricity was introduced to Twickenham in 1902[9] and the first trams arrived the following year.
In 1939, when All Hallows Lombard Street was demolished in the City of London, its distinctive stone tower designed by Christopher Wren, with its peal of ten bells and connecting stone cloister, and the interior furnishings, including a Renatus Harris organ and a pulpit used by John Wesley, were brought to Twickenham to be incorporated in the new All Hallows Church on Chertsey Road (A316) near Twickenham Stadium.
The Twickenham Green area witnessed a high-profile murder on 19 August 2004, when French woman Amelie Delagrange (aged 22) died in hospital after being found with a serious head injury (caused by battery) in the area. Within 24 hours, police had established a link with the murder of Marsha McDonnell, who was killed in similar circumstances in nearby Hampton 18 months earlier.[10] Levi Bellfield was found guilty of both murders on 25 February 2008 (as well as a further charge of attempted murder against 18-year-old Kate Sheedy) and sentenced to life imprisonment. He is also suspected of a series of other unsolved murders and attacks on women since 1990, most notably the murder of Amanda Dowler, a teenage girl who vanished from Walton-on-Thames in March 2002 and whose body was later found in Hampshire woodland.[11]
Governance[edit] From 1868 the area was administered jointly between the newly formed Middlesex County Council and the Twickenham Local Government District board, with the passing of the Local Government Act 1858. Then in 1894 The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as Twickenham Urban District. In 1926 Twickenham was granted a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough. Eleven years later the urban district councils of Teddington, Hampton & Hampton Wick merged with Twickenham.
In 1965 Middlesex County Council was abolished and replaced with the Greater London Council and the boroughs of Twickenham, Richmond and Barnes were combined to form the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 1986 the Greater London Council was abolished and most powers devolved to local boroughs and others to the Government and joint boards. In 2000 the Greater London Authority was set up and two-tier administration returned, but with the top tier having a much more limited strategic role.
York House (rear view from sunken lawn) The borough council offices and chamber are located at York House, Twickenham and in the adjacent civic centre.
The Twickenham constituency in the UK Parliament includes the towns of Twickenham, St Margarets, Whitton, Teddington, Hampton, Fulwell, Hampton Hill and Hampton Wick. Since the 2015 UK General Election, the Member of Parliament has been a Conservative, Dr Tania Mathias.
Need rugby superiority guy here but don't all the good American players play 7's because we are too shit to field a good full Rugby team?
Sevens is a lot more marketable to the US audience. We can't watch 45 minutes of no commercial breaks in soccer, so the idea of watching 40 continuous of a game we don't understand is tough.
Sevens takes away the fat people so there are less breakdowns and more space for the athletes to run.
I much prefer 15s because it's more strategic, but it looks like the decision to popularize the sport here is to push 7s.
I highly recommend attending an international 7s event (it's been in Vegas the past few years).
Need rugby superiority guy here but don't all the good American players play 7's because we are too shit to field a good full Rugby team?
Sevens is a lot more marketable to the US audience. We can't watch 45 minutes of no commercial breaks in soccer, so the idea of watching 40 continuous of a game we don't understand is tough.
Sevens takes away the fat people so there are less breakdowns and more space for the athletes to run.
I much prefer 15s because it's more strategic, but it looks like the decision to popularize the sport here is to push 7s.
I highly recommend attending an international 7s event (it's been in Vegas the past few years).
Need rugby superiority guy here but don't all the good American players play 7's because we are too shit to field a good full Rugby team?
We have a full 15s team. The best American players play 15s in the UK, Ireland or France generally. Some decent players play 7s, but 7s is more for specialists and guys who don't make the cut in 15s. 15s is a much more physical game so a lot of the guys on the 7s team would be too small in the full game.
Re: Twickenham, you fly over it almost directly any time you fly into Heathrow. It's a cool stadium and the home of England Rugby. Twickenham Stoop is a smaller stadium the local club Harlequins uses.
Need rugby superiority guy here but don't all the good American players play 7's because we are too shit to field a good full Rugby team?
Sevens is a lot more marketable to the US audience. We can't watch 45 minutes of no commercial breaks in soccer, so the idea of watching 40 continuous of a game we don't understand is tough.
Sevens takes away the fat people so there are less breakdowns and more space for the athletes to run.
I much prefer 15s because it's more strategic, but it looks like the decision to popularize the sport here is to push 7s.
I highly recommend attending an international 7s event (it's been in Vegas the past few years).
Not anymore really. 7s was based on a lot of false hope. There's a reason pretty much every attempt to professionalize it outside of national teams has failed. There's a new pro league next year in the US and it will be in 15s. Seattle will have one of the teams.
Vegas 7s is great though. It will be even better in a few years when it moves from to the Raiders stadium instead of that shitpile UNLV stadium.
Surprising. Several NFL GMs have personally called me asking if there was anyway Psalms would change his mind about thr NFL. I guess he really was serious.
لاستخدامات أخرى، انظر تويكنهام (توضيح). تعد تويكنهام منطقة ضواحي مورقة في جنوب غرب لندن، على نهر التايمز في منطقة لندن في ريتشموند على نهر التايمز على بعد 10 أميال (16 كم) جنوب غرب وسط لندن. ولها مركز مدينة كبير وتشتهر بأنها موطن اتحاد الرجبي، مع مئات الآلاف من المتفرجين يزورون ملعب تويكنهام، أكبر ملعب للرجبي في العالم، كل عام. وتشتهر منطقة النهر التاريخية بشبكتها من المباني والأرضيات التي يعود تاريخها إلى القرن الثامن عشر، والتي تبقى العديد منها على قيد الحياة سليمة. [3] هذه المنطقة لديها ثلاثة قصور القصور الكبرى مع وصول الجمهور: يورك البيت، ماربل هيل و ستراوبيري هيل البيت. وقد فقدت أخرى، التي تنتمي إلى الشاعر الأمثال ألكسندر الباب الثامن عشر. من بين هذه هي النموذج الجديد القوطية المنزل هوراس والبول التي أعطت اسمها إلى منطقة كاملة، ستراوبيري هيل، ويرتبط مع أقدم جامعة الروم الكاثوليك في البلاد، جامعة سانت ماري، تويكنهام.
التاريخ
قبل نورمان
كشفت الحفريات المستوطنات في المنطقة التي يرجع تاريخها إلى العصر الحجري الحديث المبكر، وربما فترات العصر الحجري القديم. ويبدو أن الاحتلال استمر خلال العصر البرونزي والعصر الحديدي والاحتلال الروماني. وقد تم ذكر المنطقة لأول مرة (باسم "منزل التوكان" و "تويكانهام") في ميثاق من القرن الثامن للتنازل عن المنطقة إلى والديري، أسقف لندن، "لخلاص أرواحنا". [4] تم التوقيع على الميثاق، بتاريخ 13 يونيو 704، مع 12 الصلبان. وشمل الموقعون سويفريد من إسكس، سينريد من مرسيا وإيرل بايوغاث.
نورمان
في أوقات نورمان كان تويكنهام جزءا من مانور ايسلورث - نفسها جزء من مائة من هنسلو، ميدلسكس (المذكورة في كتاب يوم القيامة من 1086). [5] كان مانور ينتمي إلى إلفار، إيرل ميرسيا في وقت إدوارد المعترف، ولكن منحت لوالتر دي سانت-فاليري (والريك) من قبل ويليام الأول من انكلترا بعد الفتح نورمان انكلترا في 1066. ثم تم استزراع المنطقة ل عدة مئات من السنين، في حين وفر النهر فرصا لصيد الأسماك، وبناء السفن والتجارة.
القرن ال 17
وانتشر الطاعون الدبلي إلى البلدة في 1665 و 67 حالة وفاة. ويبدو أن تويكنهام كان بيتا للآفات في القرن 17، على الرغم من أن الموقع غير معروف.
وكان هناك أيضا بيت مراقبة في وسط المدينة، مع مخزونات، وندوة وجلد آخر الذي اتهم صاحبه على "وندر داخل هذه الرعية، والحفاظ على جميع المتسولين والمشردين التي يجب أن تلتزم أو تكمن حول البلدة وإعطاء تصحيح لهذا ... ".
في 1633 بدأ البناء في بيت يورك. احتلها إدوارد مونتاجو، إيرل الثاني من مانشستر في 1656 وبعد ذلك إدوارد هايد، إيرل الأول من كلارندون.
1659 رأى أول من العبارة تويكنهام، على الرغم من أن فيريمن كانت تعمل بالفعل في المنطقة لعدة أجيال. في وقت ما قبل عام 1743 يبدو أن عبارة "القراصنة" قد بدأها سكان تويكنهام. هناك تكهنات بأنها تعمل لخدمة "الحماقة"، بيت العائمة من نوع ما. كتب العديد من السكان إلى عمدة مدينة لندن:
... شكوى أن هناك ثابتة مؤخرا بالقرب من الشاطئ من تويكنهام على نهر التايمز سفينة صنع مثل البارجة ودعا الحماقة حيث الغواصين [ه] الناس فضفاضة وغير المنضبط كثيرا ما يكون مطلقا الذين تصرفوا في فاحشة جدا مانر والقيام في كثير من الأحيان الغواصين [ه] الأشخاص من الأزياء والتميز الذين غالبا في المشي المساء بالقرب من هذا المكان، والمطلوب حتى كبيرة إزعاج يمكن إزالتها، ....
القرن ال 18
في عام 1713 انهار صحن كنيسة سانت ماري القديمة، و أعيد بناء الكنيسة على الطراز النيو الكلاسيكي لتصاميم من قبل المهندس المعماري المحلي، جون جيمس. [6]
في عام 1736، أنشأ الصيدلي والطبيب المشهور جوشوا وارد أعمال الفيتريول العظيم لإنتاج حامض الكبريتيك، وذلك باستخدام عملية اكتشفها في القرن السابع عشر جوهان غلوبر التي يحرق فيها الكبريت مع سالتبيتر (نترات البوتاسيوم)، في وجود بخار. هذه العملية تولد رائحة كريهة للغاية، مما تسبب في اعتراضات من السكان المحليين. كما كانت المنطقة في وقت قريب موطنا لأول مرفق للإنتاج الصناعي في العالم للبارود، على موقع بين تويكنهام ويتون على ضفاف نهر كرين. وكانت هناك انفجارات متكررة وخسائر في الأرواح. في 11 مارس 1758، شعر أحد التفجرتين في ريدينج وبيركشاير، وفي أبريل 1774 أثار انفجار آخر أشخاصا في الكنيسة في إيسليورث. [7]
في 1772 انفجرت ثلاث مطاحن، تحطمت الزجاج والمباني في الحي. وكتب هوراس والبول، إيرل أوف أورفورد الرابع، إلى صديقه ونسبه هنري سيمور كونواي، الذي كان آنذاك الفريق العام للذخائر، أن جميع الزجاج المزخرف المزخرف قد انفجر من نوافذه في ستراوبيري هيل.
ظلت مصانع مسحوق في العملية حتى عام 1927 عندما أغلقت. الكثير من الموقع هو الآن تحتلها كرين بارك، حيث لا يزال ينظر إلى برج شوت القديم، ومطاحن السدود وسدود الانفجار. الكثير من المنطقة على طول النهر بجوار برج النار ط
Comments
Twickenham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Twickenham (disambiguation).
London borough
Richmond
Ceremonial county Greater London
Region
London
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town TWICKENHAM
Postcode district TW1, TW2
Dialling code 020
Police Metropolitan
Fire London
Ambulance London
EU Parliament London
UK Parliament
Twickenham
London Assembly
South West
List of places UK England London
51.449°N 0.337°WCoordinates: 51.449°N 0.337°W
Twickenham is a leafy suburban area of south west London, on the River Thames in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 10 miles (16 km) southwest of the centre of London. It has a large town centre and is famous as being the home of rugby union, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting Twickenham Stadium, the world's largest rugby stadium, each year. The historic riverside area is famous for its network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which survive intact.[3] This area has three grand period mansions with public access: York House, Marble Hill and Strawberry Hill House. Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-century aphoristic poet Alexander Pope. Among these is the Neo-Gothic prototype home of Horace Walpole which has given its name to a whole district, Strawberry Hill, and is linked with the oldest Roman Catholic university in the country, St Mary's University, Twickenham.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Pre-Norman
1.2 Norman
1.3 17th century
1.4 18th century
1.5 Later
2 Governance
3 Economy
4 Population and housing
5 Geography
5.1 Nearest places
6 Education
7 Transport
7.1 Nearest railway stations
7.2 Buses
8 Sport
9 Arts and culture
10 Places of worship
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
14 External links
History[edit]
Pre-Norman[edit]
Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early Neolithic, possibly Mesolithic periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. The area was first mentioned (as "Tuican hom" and "Tuiccanham") in an 8th-century charter to cede the area to Waldhere, Bishop of London, "for the salvation of our souls".[4] The charter, dated 13 June 704, is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included Swaefred of Essex, Cenred of Mercia and Earl Paeogthath.
Norman[edit]
In Norman times Twickenham was part of the Manor of Isleworth – itself part of the Hundred of Hounslow, Middlesex (mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086).[5] The manor had belonged to Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia in the time of Edward the Confessor, but was granted to Walter de Saint-Valery (Waleric) by William I of England after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. The area was then farmed for several hundred years, while the river provided opportunities for fishing, boatbuilding and trade.
17th century[edit]
The Thames at Twickenham c.1700, depicted by Peter Tillemans
St Mary's Church today
The Shot Tower by the River Crane
Alexander Pope's villa
All Hallows Twickenham, as seen from the A316
Bubonic plague spread to the town in 1665 and 67 deaths were recorded. It appears that Twickenham had a pest house in the 17th century, although the location is not known.
There was also a watch house in the middle of the town, with stocks, a pillory and a whipping post whose owner was charged to "ward within and about this Parish and to keep all Beggars and Vagabonds that shall lye abide or lurk about the Towne and to give correction to such...".
In 1633 construction began on York House. It was occupied by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester in 1656 and later by Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon.
1659 saw the first mention of the Twickenham Ferry, although ferrymen had already been operating in the area for many generations. Sometime before 1743 a "pirate" ferry appears to have been started by Twickenham inhabitants. There is speculation that it operated to serve "The Folly", a floating hostelry of some kind. Several residents wrote to the Lord Mayor of the City of London:
...Complaining that there is lately fixed near the Shore of Twickenham on the River Thames a Vessell made like a Barge and called the Folly wherein divers[e] loose and disorderly persons are frequently entertained who have behaved in a very indecent Manner and do frequently afront divers[e] persons of Fashion and Distinction who often in an Evening Walk near that place, and desired so great a Nuisance might be removed,....
18th century[edit]
In 1713 the nave of the ancient St Mary's Church collapsed, and the church was rebuilt in the Neo-classical style to designs by a local architect, John James.[6]
In 1736, the noted pharmacist and quack doctor Joshua Ward set up the Great Vitriol Works to produce sulphuric acid, using a process discovered in the seventeenth century by Johann Glauber in which sulphur is burned together with saltpetre (potassium nitrate), in the presence of steam. The process generates an extremely unpleasant smell, which caused objections from local residents. The area was also soon home to the world's first industrial production facility for gunpowder, on a site between Twickenham and Whitton on the banks of the River Crane. There were frequent explosions and loss of life. On 11 March 1758, one of two explosions was felt in Reading, Berkshire, and in April 1774 another explosion terrified people at church in Isleworth.[7]
In 1772 three mills blew up, shattering glass and buildings in the neighbourhood. Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford, wrote complaining to his friend and relative Henry Seymour Conway, then Lieutenant General of the Ordnance, that all the decorative painted glass had been blown out of his windows at Strawberry Hill.
The powder mills remained in operation until 1927 when they were closed. Much of the site is now occupied by Crane Park, in which the old Shot Tower, mill sluices and blast embankments can still be seen. Much of the area along the river next to the Shot Tower is now a nature reserve.
Later[edit]
The 1818 Enclosure Award led to the development of 182 acres (0.74 km2) of land to the west of the town centre largely between the present day Staines and Hampton Roads, new roads – Workhouse Road, Middle Road, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Common Roads (now First to Fifth Cross Roads respectively) – being laid out.[8] During the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of fine houses were built and Twickenham became a popular place of residence for people of "fashion and distinction". Further development was stimulated by the opening of Twickenham station in 1848.
Electricity was introduced to Twickenham in 1902[9] and the first trams arrived the following year.
In 1939, when All Hallows Lombard Street was demolished in the City of London, its distinctive stone tower designed by Christopher Wren, with its peal of ten bells and connecting stone cloister, and the interior furnishings, including a Renatus Harris organ and a pulpit used by John Wesley, were brought to Twickenham to be incorporated in the new All Hallows Church on Chertsey Road (A316) near Twickenham Stadium.
The Twickenham Green area witnessed a high-profile murder on 19 August 2004, when French woman Amelie Delagrange (aged 22) died in hospital after being found with a serious head injury (caused by battery) in the area. Within 24 hours, police had established a link with the murder of Marsha McDonnell, who was killed in similar circumstances in nearby Hampton 18 months earlier.[10] Levi Bellfield was found guilty of both murders on 25 February 2008 (as well as a further charge of attempted murder against 18-year-old Kate Sheedy) and sentenced to life imprisonment. He is also suspected of a series of other unsolved murders and attacks on women since 1990, most notably the murder of Amanda Dowler, a teenage girl who vanished from Walton-on-Thames in March 2002 and whose body was later found in Hampshire woodland.[11]
Governance[edit]
From 1868 the area was administered jointly between the newly formed Middlesex County Council and the Twickenham Local Government District board, with the passing of the Local Government Act 1858. Then in 1894 The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as Twickenham Urban District. In 1926 Twickenham was granted a charter of incorporation to become a municipal borough. Eleven years later the urban district councils of Teddington, Hampton & Hampton Wick merged with Twickenham.
In 1965 Middlesex County Council was abolished and replaced with the Greater London Council and the boroughs of Twickenham, Richmond and Barnes were combined to form the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 1986 the Greater London Council was abolished and most powers devolved to local boroughs and others to the Government and joint boards. In 2000 the Greater London Authority was set up and two-tier administration returned, but with the top tier having a much more limited strategic role.
York House (rear view from sunken lawn)
The borough council offices and chamber are located at York House, Twickenham and in the adjacent civic centre.
The Twickenham constituency in the UK Parliament includes the towns of Twickenham, St Margarets, Whitton, Teddington, Hampton, Fulwell, Hampton Hill and Hampton Wick. Since the 2015 UK General Election, the Member of Parliament has been a Conservative, Dr Tania Mathias.
Fuckers keep falling for that bullshit.
Sevens takes away the fat people so there are less breakdowns and more space for the athletes to run.
I much prefer 15s because it's more strategic, but it looks like the decision to popularize the sport here is to push 7s.
I highly recommend attending an international 7s event (it's been in Vegas the past few years).
Re: Twickenham, you fly over it almost directly any time you fly into Heathrow. It's a cool stadium and the home of England Rugby. Twickenham Stoop is a smaller stadium the local club Harlequins uses.
Vegas 7s is great though. It will be even better in a few years when it moves from to the Raiders stadium instead of that shitpile UNLV stadium.
figured everyone could use a laugh
I expect to see him at a luau at whatever hotel I'm staying in on the Big Island in the next year or two.