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BennyBeaver
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why do my nuts itch this morning?
BennyBeaver
Member Posts: 13,341
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the disease. For the animal known as crab louse, see Crab louse.
Pediculosis pubis
Classification and external resources
SOA-Pediculosis-pubis.jpg
Pubic lice in genital area
ICD-10 B85.3
ICD-9 132.2
DiseasesDB 10028
MedlinePlus 000841
eMedicine med/1769
MeSH D010373
Pubic lice on the abdomen
Pubic lice on the eyelashes
Pediculosis pubis (also known as "crabs" and "pubic lice"[1]) is a disease caused by the pubic louse, Pthirus pubis, a parasitic insect notorious for infesting human pubic hair. The species may also live on other areas with hair, including the eyelashes, causing pediculosis ciliaris. Infestation usually leads to intense itching in the pubic area. Treatment with topic agents such as permethrin or pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide is exceedingly effective. Worldwide it affects about 2% of the population.
Contents [hide]
1 Classification
2 Signs and symptoms
3 Parasitology
3.1 Characteristics
3.2 Transmission
4 Diagnosis
5 Treatment
5.1 Pediculosis pubis
5.2 Pediculosis ciliaris
6 Epidemiology
7 In animals
8 References
9 External links
Classification[edit]
Infestation with pubic lice is also called phthiriasis or phthiriasis pubis, while infestation of eyelashes with pubic lice is called phthiriasis palpebrarum or pediculosis ciliarum.[2] The disease is spelled with phth, even though the scientific name of the louse is spelled with pth.
Signs and symptoms[edit]
The main symptom is itching, usually in the pubic-hair area, resulting from hypersensitivity to louse saliva, which can become stronger over two or more weeks following initial infestation.[3] In some infestations, a characteristic grey-blue or slate coloration macule appears (maculae caeruleae) at the feeding site, which may last for days.[3] Nits or live lice may also be visible to the unaided eye.[3] [4]
Parasitology[edit]
Main article: Crab louse
Characteristics[edit]
Pubic lice are between 1 and 3 mm long with 6 legs.[3]
Transmission[edit]
Pubic lice are usually acquired by intimate contact between individuals.[3] Parent-to-child infestations are more likely to occur through routes of shared towels, clothing, beds or closets. Adults are more frequently infested than children. As with most sexually transmitted pathogens, they can only survive a short time away from the warmth and humidity of the human body.
Infection in a young child or teenager is not necessarily indicative of sexual abuse, although this possibility should be kept in mind.[5][6]
Diagnosis[edit]
A pubic louse infestation is usually diagnosed by carefully examining pubic hair for nits, nymphs, and adult lice.[3] Lice and nits can be removed either with forceps or by cutting the infested hair with scissors (with the exception of an infestation of the eye area). A magnifying glass or a stereo-microscope can be used for the exact identification. If lice are detected in one family member, the entire family needs to be checked and only those who are infested with living lice should be treated.
Testing for other sexually transmitted infections is recommended in those who are affected.[3]
Treatment[edit]
Pediculosis pubis[edit]
Recommended treatments include the topical agents permethrin or pyrethrins with piperonyl butoxide.[3] Lindane is a second line treatment due to concerns of toxicity.[3] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that lindane should not be used by persons who have extensive dermatitis, women who are pregnant or lactating or children aged under two years.[7] The FDA similarly warns against use in patients with a history of uncontrolled seizure disorders and cautious use in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg).[8][9]
Bedding and clothing should be laundered and sexual contact should be avoided until cured.[3] A second treatment is occasionally required if not improved after 3 to 7 days.[3]
Pubic lice are primarily spread through sexual intercourse. Therefore, all partners with whom the patient has had sexual contact within the previous 30 days should be evaluated and treated, and sexual contact should be avoided until all partners have successfully completed treatment and are thought to be cured. Because of the strong association between the presence of pubic lice and classic sexually transmitted infections (STIs), patients diagnosed with pubic lice should undergo evaluation for other STIs.
Pediculosis ciliaris[edit]
Infections of the eyelashes may be treated with either petroleum jelly applied twice daily for 10 days or malathion, phenothrin and carbaryl.[3]
Epidemiology[edit]
Current worldwide prevalence has been very approximately estimated at two percent of the human population. Accurate numbers are difficult to acquire, because pubic lice infestations are not considered a reportable condition by many governments, and many cases are self-treated or treated discreetly by personal physicians.[10]
Although any part of the body may be colonized, crab lice favor the hairs of the genital and peri-anal region. Especially in male patients, pubic lice and eggs can also be found in hair on the abdomen and under the armpits, as well as on the beard and mustache, while in children they are usually found in eyelashes.
It has recently been suggested that an increasing percentage of humans removing their pubic hair has led to reduced crab louse populations in some parts of the world.[11][12]
陰蝨病
維基百科，自由的百科全書
這篇文章是關於這種疾病。對於被稱為蟹蝨動物，見陰蝨。
陰蝨病
分類和外部資源
SOA的蝨病，pubis.jpg
在生殖器部位陰蝨
ICD-10 B85.3
ICD-9132.2
DiseasesDB10028
MedlinePlus000841
eMedicine MED/1769
主題詞D010373
上腹部陰蝨
上睫毛陰蝨
陰蝨病（又稱“螃蟹”和“陰蝨”[1]）是造成陰蝨，陰蝨Pthirus，寄生昆蟲臭名昭著的為害人體陰毛的疾病。該品種還可以住在其他地區的頭髮，包括睫毛，造成蝨纖毛。侵擾通常會導致在恥骨區劇烈瘙癢。治療與主題劑，如芐氯菊酯或除蟲菊酯與胡椒基丁醚是極為有效的。全球IT影響約2％的人口。
目錄[隱藏]
1分類
2體徵和症狀
3寄生蟲
3.1特性
3.2傳輸
4診斷
5治療
5.1陰蝨病
5.2蝨病纖毛
6流行病學
7在動物
8參考
9外部鏈接
分類[編輯]
蟲害有陰蝨也被稱為phthiriasis或phthiriasis恥骨，同時用睫毛陰蝨的侵擾被稱為phthiriasis palpebrarum或蝨ciliarum。[2]本病的拼寫與PHTH，即使蝨子的學名拼寫與PTH。
症狀和體徵[編輯]
主要症狀是瘙癢，一般在恥骨毛區，從超敏反應導致以蝨的唾液，它可以變得更強了兩個或兩個以上週後最初的侵擾。[3]在一些侵擾，特徵灰藍色或石板色斑疹出現（斑疹caeruleae）在饋電點，其可以持續幾天。[3]尼特或活蝨子也可以是可見的，以肉眼[3] [4]
寄生蟲[編輯]
主要文章：陰蝨
特點[編輯]
陰蝨是1和3毫米長的帶6的雙腿之間。[3]
傳輸[編輯]
陰蝨通常由個人之間的親密接觸獲得的。[3]家長對孩子的侵擾更可能發生通過公用毛巾，衣物，床或壁櫥路線。成年人更頻繁出沒的比孩子。與大多數性傳播病原體，也只能短時間生存遠離人體的溫暖和濕度。
感染的幼兒或青少年並不一定能預示性虐待，儘管這種可能性應該牢記。[5] [6]
診斷[編輯]
à陰蝨侵擾通常是通過仔細檢查陰毛的尼特，若蟲和成蟲蝨診斷。[3]蝨子和蝨卵可以用血管鉗或切割出沒的頭髮用剪刀（除的一個為患被刪除眼部區域）。放大鏡或立體顯微鏡可以用於精確識別。如果蝨子在一個家庭成員發現，整個家庭需要進行檢查，只有那些誰是滋生有生命的蝨子應及時治療。
測試為其他性傳播感染，建議在這些誰都會受到影響。[3]
治療[編輯]
陰蝨病[編輯]
推薦的治療包括外用製劑菊酯或除蟲菊酯與胡椒基丁醚。[3]林丹是第二線治療，由於中毒的擔憂。[3]美國疾病控制和預防中心（CDC）的規定，林丹不應該使用的人誰擁有廣泛的皮炎，婦女誰是懷孕或哺乳期或年齡在兩歲以下的孩子。[7]美國食品藥物管理局同樣警告不要使用患者不受控制的癲癇和嬰幼兒，兒童，老年人慎用，個人與歷史其他皮膚疾病（如特應性皮炎，牛皮癬），並在這些誰重量小於110磅（50千克）[8] [9]
被褥和衣服要清洗，並應避免性接觸，直至痊癒。[3]有時需要第二次治療，如果3〜7天后沒有好轉。[3]
陰蝨是通過性行為傳播為主。因此，誰的病人已在過去30天有過性接觸的所有夥伴應當進行評估和治療，並應避免性接觸，直到所有的合作夥伴已經成功地完成了治療，被認為可以治愈。由於陰蝨和經典性傳播感染（性病）的存在之間的密切關聯，患者確診為陰蝨應接受評估的其他性傳播疾病。
蝨病纖毛[編輯]
睫毛的感染可能與每日兩次，每次10天或馬拉硫磷，醚菊酯和西維因應用或者凡士林治療。[3]
流行病學[編輯]
目前全球患病率已經非常近似估計為百分之二的人口中。準確的數字很難獲得，因為陰蝨侵擾不考慮應通報情況，許多政府，許多情況下是自我治療或謹慎的個人醫生治療。[10]
雖然身體任何部位都可以殖民，陰蝨有利於生殖器和肛門周圍區域的毛髮。特別是在男性患者，陰蝨和卵也可以用在頭髮上發現的腹部和腋窩下，以及在鬍鬚和小鬍子，而在兒童，他們在睫毛通常可發現。
最近有人提出，人類去除陰毛的比例不斷提高導致了在世界上的一些地區降低陰蝨的人口[11] [12]